LiBr LiCl LiF LiI LiAlO2 LiB3O5 Li2B4O7 LiBF4 LiGaO2 LiNbO3
Li2CO3 Li2MoO4 Li2SO4 Li2WO4 LiFePO4 Basic

XPS Spectra
Lithium (Li) Compounds
The XPS Spectra section provides raw and processed survey spectra, chemical state spectra, BE values, FWHM values, and overlays of key spectra.
Atom% values from surveys are based on sample, as received, and Scofield cross-sections. Atom% values are corrected for IMFP and PE.
Peak-fits are guides for practical, real-world applications. Peak-fits are not fully optimized or designed to test any theory.

Lithium Chloride (LiCl, crystallites)
Survey, Peak-fits, BEs, FWHMs, and Peak Labels

→  Periodic Table   → Six (6) BE Tables
Survey Spectrum from LiCl
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag (3d5/2) FWHM = 1.3 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Cl (2p) Spectrum from LiCl – Raw
Fresh exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Cl (2p) Spectrum from LiCl – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Cl (2s) Spectrum from LiCl – raw
Fresh exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Cl (2s) Spectrum from LiCl – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Li (1s) Spectrum from LiCl – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Li (1s) Spectrum from LiCl – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
O (1s) Spectrum from LiCl – Raw 
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 O (1s) Spectrum from LiCl – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
C (1s) Spectrum from LiCl – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 284.48 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 C (1s) Spectrum from LiCl – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

 
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
xx Auger Signals from LiCl – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Valence Band Signals from LiCl – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
na
 
Overlays
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Valence Band Spectra – Overlay of NaCl and LiCl   
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Cl (2p) Spectra – Overlay of NaCl and LiCl  
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Valence Band Spectra – Overlay of PVC and LiCl  
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Cl (2p) Spectra – Overlay of PVC and LiCl
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is ON, C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

End-of-spectra

Price to purchase raw data sets:
Raw spectra – VAMAS ASCII format ($6)
Raw spectra – SDP binary format ($5)
SDP v9 – $145 (3 yr license)

 

 

Transmission Function Tests
 

December 2015 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus
→  Periodic Table 
Survey Spectra of Ion Etched Copper (Cu), PEs = 50, 100, 150 and 200 eV
→  Periodic Table 
March 2016 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus 
 
Survey Spectra of Ion Etched Copper (Cu), PEs = 100, 150 and 200 eV
→  Periodic Table  
August 2019 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus
 
Survey Spectra of HOPG (C), PEs = 20, 50, 100 and 200 eV
→  Periodic Table  
January 2022 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus
Survey Spectra of Ion Etched Copper (Cu), PEs = 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200 eV

 

 

Six (6) Chemical State Tables of Li (1s) BEs

 

  • The XPS Library Spectra-Base
  • PHI Handbook
  • Thermo-Scientific Website
  • XPSfitting Website
  • Techdb Website
  • NIST Website

 

 

Notes of Caution when using Published BEs and BE Tables from Insulators and Conductors:

  • Accuracy of Published BEs
    • The accuracy depends on the calibration BEs used to calibrate the energy scale of the instrument.  Cu (2p3/2) BE can vary from 932.2 to 932.8 eV for old publications
    • Different authors use different BEs for the C (1s) BE of the hydrocarbons found in adventitious carbon that appears on all materials and samples.  From 284.2 to 285.3 eV
    • The accuracy depends on when the authors last checked or adjusted their energy scale to produce the expected calibration BEs
  • Worldwide Differences in Energy Scale Calibrations
    • For various reasons authors still use older energy scale calibrations
    • Some authors still adjust their energy scale so Cu (2p3/2) appears at 932.2 eV or 932.8 eV because this is what the maker taught them
    • This range causes BEs in the higher BE end to be larger than expected
    • This variation increases significantly above 600 eV BE
  • Charge Compensation
    • Samples that behave as true insulators normally require the use of a charge neutralizer (electron flood gun with or without Ar+ ions) so that the measured chemical state spectra can be produced without peak-shape distortions or sloping tails on the low BE side of the peak envelop.
    • Floating all samples (conductive, semi-conductive, and non-conductive) and always using the electron flood gun is considered to produce more reliable BEs and is recommended.
  • Charge Referencing Methods for Insulators
    • Charge referencing is a common method, but it can produce results that are less reliable.
    • When an electron flood gun is used, the BE scale will usually shift to lower BE values by 0.01 to 5.0 eV depending on your voltage setting. Normally, to correct for this flood gun induced shift, the BE of the hydrocarbon C (1s) peak maximum from adventitious carbon is used to correct for the charge induced shift.
    • The hydrocarbon peak is normally the largest peak at the lowest BE.
    • Depending on your preference or training, the C (1s) BE assigned to this hydrocarbon peak varies from 284.8 to 285.0 eV.  Other BEs can be as low as 284.2 eV or as high as 285.3 eV
    • Native oxides that still show the pure metal can suffer differential charging that causes the C (1s) and the O (1s) and the Metal Oxide BE to be larger
    • When using the electron flood gun, the instrument operator should adjust the voltage and the XY position of the electron flood gun to produce peaks from a strong XPS signal (eg O (1s) or C (1s) having the most narrow FWHM and the lowest experimentally measured BE.

→  Periodic Table 

Table #1

Li (1s) Chemical State BEs from:  “The XPS Library Spectra-Base”

C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV for TXL BEs
and C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for NIST BEs

Element Atomic # Compound As-Measured by TXL or NIST Average BE Largest BE in NIST Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE Source
Li 3 Li – element ~54.7 eV 284.8 eV PHI Handbook
Li 3 Li-OH   (N*1) 54.9 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Li 3 Li2CO3 (N*2) 55.1 eV 55.2 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Li 3 Li2WO4 55.1 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li2CO3 55.2 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li2O 55.4 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li2O (N*1) 55.6 eV 55.8 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Li 3 Li-F (N*3) 55.7 eV 56.7 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Li 3 Li-Cl (N*3) 55.8 eV 56.2 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Li 3 Li2SO4 55.8 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li-F 55.9 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li1B3O5 56.3 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li-Cl 56.6 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li-Br 56.6 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 Li-I 56.8 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Li 3 LiAlSi2O6 56.8 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library

Charge Referencing

  • (N*number) identifies the number of NIST BEs that were averaged to produce the BE in the middle column.
  • Binding Energy Scale Calibration expects Cu (2p3/2) BE = 932.62 eV and Au (4f7/2) BE = 83.98 eV.  BE (eV) Uncertainty Range:  +/- 0.2 eV
  • Charge Referencing of insulators is defined such that the Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE (eV) = 285.0 eV.  NIST uses C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV 
  • Note:   Ion etching removes adventitious carbon, implants Ar (+), changes conductivity of surface, and degrades chemistry of various chemical states.
  • Note:  Ion Etching changes BE of C (1s) hydrocarbon peak.
  • TXL – abbreviation for: “The XPS Library” (https://xpslibrary.com).  NIST:  National Institute for Science and Technology (in USA)

→  Periodic Table 

Table #2

Li (1s) Chemical State BEs from:  “PHI Handbook”

C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Ulvac-PHI

Table #3

Li (1s) Chemical State BEs from:  “Thermo-Scientific” Website

C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

Chemical state Binding energy (eV)
Li (1s)
Li2TiO3 54.7 eV
Li2CO3 55.4 eV
Li2B4O7 55.9 eV
LiF 56.1 eV
LiCl 56.3 eV

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Thermo Scientific 

Table #4

Li (1s) Chemical State BEs from:  “XPSfitting” Website

Chemical State BE Table derived by Averaging BEs in the NIST XPS database of BEs
C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Mark Beisinger

Table #5

Li (1s) Chemical State BEs from:  “Techdb.podzone.net” Website

 

XPS Spectra – Chemical Shift | Binding Energy
C (1s) BE = 284.6 eV

 

XPS(X線光電子分光法)スペクトル 化学状態 化学シフト ケミカルシフト

Element Level Compound B.E.(eV) min max
Li 1s Li 54.8 ±0.3 54.5 ～ 55.0
Li 1s LiNbO3 55.0 ±0.3 54.7 ～ 55.2
Li 1s LiOH 55.0 ±0.2 54.8 ～ 55.2
Li 1s Li2CO3 55.2 ±0.3 54.9 ～ 55.4
Li 1s Li2O 55.5 ±0.2 55.3 ～ 55.7
Li 1s Li3PO4 55.5 ±0.2 55.3 ～ 55.7
Li 1s LiF 55.6 ±0.2 55.4 ～ 55.8
Li 1s Li4P2O7 55.6 ±0.2 55.4 ～ 55.8
Li 1s LiCl 56.0 ±0.3 55.7 ～ 56.3
Li 1s LiBr 56.8 ±0.3 56.5 ～ 57.0

→  Periodic Table 

 

 
 

Histograms of NIST BEs from Li (1s)

Important Note:  NIST Database defines Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for all insulators.

 

Histogram indicates:  55.0 eV for Lio based on 5 literature BEs Histogram indicates:  54.5 eV for LiF based on 4 literature BEs

Histogram indicates:  56.0 eV for LiCl based on 3 literature BEs 

Table #6

NIST Database of Li (1s) Binding Energies

NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 4.1

Data compiled and evaluated
by
Alexander V. Naumkin, Anna Kraut-Vass, Stephen W. Gaarenstroom, and Cedric J. Powell
©2012 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Important Note:  NIST Database defines Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for all insulators.

 

Element Spectral Line Formula Energy (eV) Reference
Li 1s LiF 49.90  Click
Li 1s Li0.3Ni0.7O 53.60  Click
Li 1s LiNiO2 53.60  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.200(LiBO2)0.800 54.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.494(Bi2O3)0.006 54.50  Click
Li 1s Li 54.60  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 54.70  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 54.70  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.496(Bi2O3)0.004 54.70  Click
Li 1s Li 54.80  Click
Li 1s LiNbO3 54.80  Click
Li 1s LiBO2 54.80  Click
Li 1s LiBO2 54.80  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.54(Bi2O3)0.06 54.80  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.5 54.80  Click
Li 1s LiOH 54.90  Click
Li 1s Li 54.90  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.150(LiBO2)0.850 54.90  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 54.98  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 54.98  Click
Li 1s Li2WO4 55.00  Click
Li 1s Li2WO4 55.00  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)24(MoO3)36 55.00  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)18(MoO3)42 55.00  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.100(LiBO2)0.900 55.00  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.050(LiBO2)0.950 55.00  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.020(LiBO2)0.980 55.00  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.015(LiBO2)0.985 55.00  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.01  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.01  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(B2O3)0.50 55.05  Click
Li 1s Li 55.10  Click
Li 1s Li2WO4 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)36(MoO3)24 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50(P2O5)30(MoO3)20 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.010(LiBO2)0.990 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.250(LiBO2)0.750 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.002(LiBO2)0.998 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.40(Bi2O3)0.20 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.592(Bi2O3)0.008 55.10  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.40(Bi2O3)0.10 55.10  Click
Li 1s Li2CO3 55.12  Click
Li 1s Li2CO3 55.20  Click
Li 1s LiN3 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50(P2O5)25(MoO3)25 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.35(WO3)0.15 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.45(WO3)0.05 55.20  Click
Li 1s LiPO3 55.20  Click
Li 1s LiBO2 55.20  Click
Li 1s LiBO2 55.20  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.20  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.025(LiBO2)0.975 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.001(LiBO2)0.999 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.004(LiBO2)0.996 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.50(Bi2O3)0.10 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.499(Bi2O3)0.001 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.42(Bi2O3)0.08 55.20  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.40(B2O3)0.60 55.25  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)54(MoO3)6 55.30  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50(P2O5)35(MoO3)15 55.30  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)60(P2O5)36(MoO3)4 55.30  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.10(WO3)0.40 55.30  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)41.3(P2O5)53.1(Cr2O3)5.6 55.30  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)(P2O5) 55.30  Click
Li 1s LiNbO3 55.30  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.05((Li2O)0.40(B2O3)0.60)0.95 55.30  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.10((Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70)0.90 55.30  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.6 55.30  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.33  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.33  Click
Li 1s Li 55.35  Click
Li 1s O2/Li 55.35  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.10((Li2O)0.50(B2O3)0.50)0.90 55.35  Click
Li 1s Li3PO4 55.40  Click
Li 1s Li4P2O7 55.40  Click
Li 1s Li/CaO 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50(P2O5)50 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.05(WO3)0.45 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.50 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)30(MoO3)30 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50(P2O5)45(MoO3)5 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.40(WO3)0.10 55.40  Click
Li 1s Li/Al 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)47.3(P2O5)52.7 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.598(Bi2O3)0.002 55.40  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.15((Li2O)0.50(B2O3)0.50)0.85 55.40  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.40(LiPO3)0.60 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.003(LiBO2)0.997 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Bi2O3)0.005(LiBO2)0.995 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.59(Bi2O3)0.01 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.596(Bi2O3)0.004 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.498(Bi2O3)0.002 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.497(Bi2O3)0.003 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.492(Bi2O3)0.008 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.48(Bi2O3)0.02 55.40  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)60(P2O5)40 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)42(MoO3)18 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50(P2O5)40(MoO3)10 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.15(WO3)0.35 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.20(WO3)0.30 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)58.8(P2O5)37.1(Cr2O3)4.2 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)60.4(P2O5)32.0(Cr2O3)7.6 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)49.5(P2O5)45.5(Cr2O3)5.0 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)50.5(P2O5)30.4(Cr2O3)19.1 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)61.7(P2O5)38.3 55.50  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.18(LiPO3)0.82 55.50  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.30(LiPO3)0.70 55.50  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.40(LiPO3)0.60 55.50  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.15(LiPO3)0.85 55.50  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.30(LiPO3)0.70 55.50  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.35(LiPO3)0.65 55.50  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.20((Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70)0.80 55.50  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.20((Li2O)0.50(B2O3)0.50)0.80 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.4(B2O3)0.594(Bi2O3)0.006 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.49(Bi2O3)0.01 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.47(Bi2O3)0.03 55.50  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.5(B2O3)0.30(Bi2O3)0.20 55.50  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.54  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.54  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.25((Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70)0.75 55.55  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.05((Li2O)0.50(B2O3)0.50)0.95 55.55  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.10((Li2O)0.40(B2O3)0.60)0.90 55.56  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.58  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 55.58  Click
Li 1s Li2O 55.60  Click
Li 1s Li4P2O7 55.60  Click
Li 1s LiCrO2 55.60  Click
Li 1s LiClO4 55.60  Click
Li 1s LiClO4 55.60  Click
Li 1s O2/Li 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)60 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.20(WO3)0.30 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.25(WO3)0.25 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.50(P2O5)0.30(WO3)0.20 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40.7(P2O5)59.3 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40.2(P2O5)35.3(Cr2O3)24.6 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)51.0(P2O5)39.4(Cr2O3)9.7 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)51.1(P2O5)36.9(Cr2O3)12.0 55.60  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.05(LiPO3)0.95 55.60  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70 55.60  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.05((Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70)0.95 55.65  Click
Li 1s LiF 55.70  Click
Li 1s LiF 55.70  Click
Li 1s Li/CaO 55.70  Click
Li 1s Li2.74V2O5 55.70  Click
Li 1s O2/Li 55.70  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40(P2O5)48(MoO3)12 55.70  Click
Li 1s LiB3O5 55.70  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40.5(P2O5)47.4(Cr2O3)12.1 55.70  Click
Li 1s (Li2O)40.1(P2O5)41.9(Cr2O3)18.0 55.70  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.20(LiPO3)0.80 55.70  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.25(LiPO3)0.75 55.70  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.35(LiPO3)0.65 55.70  Click
Li 1s (LiF)0.10(LiPO3)0.90 55.70  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.30((Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70)0.70 55.70  Click
Li 1s Li2SO4 55.75  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.20((Li2O)0.40(B2O3)0.60)0.80 55.75  Click
Li 1s LiCl 55.80  Click
Li 1s LiNO3 55.80  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.15((Li2O)0.30(B2O3)0.70)0.85 55.85  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.15((Li2O)0.40(B2O3)0.60)0.85 55.85  Click
Li 1s O2/Li 55.90  Click
Li 1s (F2)0.25((Li2O)0.40(B2O3)0.60)0.75 55.90  Click
Li 1s Li/CaO 56.00  Click
Li 1s LiCl 56.10  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.12  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.12  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.13  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.13  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.17  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.17  Click
Li 1s LiCl 56.20  Click
Li 1s Li/CaO 56.30  Click
Li 1s LiClO4 56.50  Click
Li 1s LiClO4 56.50  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.60  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.60  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.62  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.62  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.65  Click
Li 1s Li/Si 56.65  Click
Li 1s LiF 56.70  Click
Li 1s LiBr 56.80  Click
Li 1s LiF 56.80  Click
Li 1s Li/CaO 56.80  Click
Li 1s Li2CrO4 57.10  Click
Li 1s LiC6 57.10  Click
Li 1s LiClO4 57.20  Click
Li 1s LiClO4 57.20  Click

→  Periodic Table 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Statistical Analysis of Binding Energies in NIST XPS Database of BEs

 

Six (6) Chemical State Tables of Cl (2p3/2) BEs

 

  • The XPS Library Spectra-Base
  • PHI Handbook
  • Thermo-Scientific Website
  • XPSfitting Website
  • Techdb Website
  • NIST Website

 

 

Notes of Caution when using Published BEs and BE Tables from Insulators and Conductors:

  • Accuracy of Published BEs
    • The accuracy depends on the calibration BEs used to calibrate the energy scale of the instrument.  Cu (2p3/2) BE can vary from 932.2 to 932.8 eV for old publications
    • Different authors use different BEs for the C (1s) BE of the hydrocarbons found in adventitious carbon that appears on all materials and samples.  From 284.2 to 285.3 eV
    • The accuracy depends on when the authors last checked or adjusted their energy scale to produce the expected calibration BEs
  • Worldwide Differences in Energy Scale calibrations
    • For various reasons authors still use older energy scale calibrations
    • Some authors still adjust their energy scale so Cu (2p3/2) appears at 932.2 eV or 932.8 eV because this is what the maker taught them
    • This range causes BEs in the higher BE end to be larger than expected
    • This variation increases significantly above 600 eV BE
  • Charge Compensation
    • Samples that behave as true insulators normally require the use of a charge neutralizer (electron flood gun with or without Ar+ ions) so that the measured chemical state spectra can be produced without peak-shape distortions or sloping tails on the low BE side of the peak envelop.
    • Floating all samples (conductive, semi-conductive, and non-conductive) and always using the electron flood gun is considered to produce more reliable BEs and is recommended.
  • Charge Referencing Methods for Insulators
    • Charge referencing is a common method, but it can produce results that are less reliable.
    • When an electron flood gun is used, the BE scale will usually shift to lower BE values by 0.01 to 5.0 eV depending on your voltage setting. Normally, to correct for this flood gun induced shift, the BE of the hydrocarbon C (1s) peak maximum from adventitious carbon is used to correct for the charge induced shift.
    • The hydrocarbon peak is normally the largest peak at the lowest BE.
    • Depending on your preference or training, the C (1s) BE assigned to this hydrocarbon peak varies from 284.8 to 285.0 eV.  Other BEs can be as low as 284.2 eV or as high as 285.3 eV
    • Native oxides that still show the pure metal can suffer differential charging that causes the C (1s) and the O (1s) and the Metal Oxide BE to be larger
    • When using the electron flood gun, the instrument operator should adjust the voltage and the XY position of the electron flood gun to produce peaks from a strong XPS signal (eg O (1s) or C (1s) having the most narrow FWHM and the lowest experimentally measured BE.

→  Periodic Table 

Table #1

Cl (2p3/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “The XPS Library Spectra-Base”

C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV for TXL BEs
and C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for NIST BEs

Element Atomic # Compound As-Measured by TXL or
NIST Average BE		 Largest BE Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE  Source
Cl 17 Cl-NH4 198.1 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Cl 17 Cl-K 198.5 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Cl 17 Cu-Cl2 198.9 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Cl 17 Cl-Li 199.0 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Cl 17 Cl-Na 199.3 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Cl 17 Pt-Cl2 199.6 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Cl 17 Cl-C polymer 200.4 eV 200.8 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Cl 17 KClO3 (N*3) 205.9 eV 206.7 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Cl 17 KClO4 (N*2) 208.3 eV 208.7 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST

 

Charge Referencing

  • (N*number) identifies the number of NIST BEs that were averaged to produce the BE in the middle column.
  • Binding Energy Scale calibration expects Cu (2p3/2) BE = 932.62 eV and Au (4f7/2) BE = 83.98 eV.  BE (eV) Uncertainty Range:  +/- 0.2 eV
  • Charge Referencing of insulators is defined such that the Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE (eV) = 285.0 eV.  NIST uses C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV 
  • Note:   Ion etching removes adventitious carbon, implants Ar (+), changes conductivity of surface, and degrades chemistry of various chemical states.
  • Note:  Ion Etching changes BE of C (1s) hydrocarbon peak.
  • TXL – abbreviation for: “The XPS Library” (https://xpsLibrary.com).  NIST:  National Institute for Science and Technology (in USA)

→  Periodic Table 

Table #2

Cl (2p3/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “PHI Handbook”

C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

 

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Ulvac-PHI

Table #3

Cl (2p3/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “Thermo-Scientific” Website

C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

Chemical state Binding energy, Cl (2p3/2) / eV
Organic Cl 200
Metal 198.5-200

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Thermo Scientific 

Table #4

Cl (2p3/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “XPSfitting” Website

Chemical State BE Table derived by Averaging BEs in the NIST XPS database of BEs
C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

 

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Mark Beisinger

Table #5

Cl (2p3/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “Techdb.podzone.net” Website

 

XPS Spectra – Chemical Shift | Binding Energy
C (1s) BE = 284.6 eV

XPS(X線光電子分光法)スペクトル 化学状態 化学シフト ケミカルシフト

Element Level Compound B.E.(eV) min max
Cl 2p3/2 K2IrCl6 198.4 ±0.4 198.0 ～ 198.8
Cl 2p3/2 Pt(NH3)2Cl2 198.5 ±0.4 198.1 ～ 198.9
Cl 2p3/2 PdCl2 198.6 ±0.4 198.2 ～ 198.9
Cl 2p3/2 Alkali Chloride 198.7 ±0.6 198.1 ～ 199.2
Cl 2p3/2 NiCl2 199.4 ±0.4 199.0 ～ 199.7
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl2 199.7 ±0.4 199.3 ～ 200.0
Cl 2p3/2 p(CH2=CHCl) 200.0 ±0.3 199.7 ～ 200.3
Cl 2p3/2 C6H5Cl 200.5 ±0.5 200.0 ～ 201.0
Cl 2p3/2 KClO3 206.7 ±0.4 206.3 ～ 207.0
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO4 208.5 ±0.3 208.2 ～ 208.8
Cl 2p3/2 Perchlorate 208.7 ±0.5 208.2 ～ 209.2

 

→  Periodic Table 

 


Histograms of NIST BEs for Cl (2p3/2) BEs

Important Note:  NIST Database defines Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for all insulators.

Histogram indicates:  196.4 eV for Cl- in NaCl based on 8 literature BEs Histogram indicates:  195.0 eV for Cl- in KCl based on 7 literature BEs

Table #6


NIST Database of Cl (2p3/2) Binding Energies

NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 4.1

Data compiled and evaluated
by
Alexander V. Naumkin, Anna Kraut-Vass, Stephen W. Gaarenstroom, and Cedric J. Powell
©2012 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Important Note:  NIST Database defines Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for all insulators.

 

Element Spectral Line Formula Energy (eV) Reference
Cl 2p3/2 [Tc((C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)2Cl2]Cl 196.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [P(C6H5)4]Cl 196.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [P(C6H5)4]Cl 196.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(CH3)4N]Cl 196.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TeCl(CH2P(C6H5)3)3]Cl3 196.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Te(CH2P(C6H5)3)4]Cl4 196.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [((C6H5)3P=CH2)3TeCl]Cl3 196.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [((C6H5)3P=CH2)4Te]Cl4 196.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Tc((CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2)2Cl2]Cl 196.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(C6H4CH2N(CH3)3(Cl))-)n 196.65  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TeCl2(CH2P(C6H5)3)2]Cl2 196.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [((C6H5)3P=CH2)2TeCl2]Cl2 196.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Ru2Cl3(P(C2H5)2-C6H5)6]Cl 196.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-C6H4NHClC6H4NHC6H4NHClC6H4NH-)n 196.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(Pt(P(C6H5)3)2S)2PtCl2] 197.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-(CH(C(O)NH2)CH2)k-(CH(C(O)NH(CH2)3N(CH3)3Cl)CH2)m-)n 197.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [MoCl(CO)2(C3H5)(NC5H4C5H4N)] 197.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl(N2)((C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)2] 197.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Co2Cl2(CH3C(NOH)C(CH3)NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NC(CH3)C(NOH)CH3)]Cl2 197.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [AuCl(CH2P(C6H5)3)2] 197.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(C6H5)3PCH2]2AuCl 197.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [WCl(CO)2(C3H5)(NC5H4C5H4N)] 197.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo2Cl4(C4H4N2)2] 197.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [WCl(CO)2(CH3C3H4)(C5H4N)2] 197.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [CoCl2(CH3C(NOH)C(CH3)NCH2CH2NC(CH3)C(NOH)CH3)] 197.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(C6H5)3PCH2]-[(C6H5)3P]AuCl 197.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 HCl/O2/Pb 197.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Tl2Cl6((C2H5)2PC6H5)5] 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(N(C2H5)4)W(CO)5]Cl 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pd2(SO2)Cl2((C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H5)2)2] 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C2H5)4][Cr(CO)5Cl] 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TeCl(CH2P(C6H5)3)3]Cl3 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(C6H5)3PCH2]2CuCl 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [((C6H5)3P=CH2)3TeCl]Cl3 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TcCl[(C4H7N2O)2(C4H6N2O)(C4H9BO3)] 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TcCl[(C6H9N2O)2(C6H8N2O)(CH3BO3)] 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 W2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)Cl4(C5H5N)4 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(C6H5)3P]2AuCl 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 RuCl3 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pt2(P(C6H5)3)4SSCH2Cl]Cl 197.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 UCl4 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 UCl5 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 AgCl 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C4H9)4]3[Mo2Cl9] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo6Cl8Cl4(SO(CH3)2)2] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [MoCl(CO)2((C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)(C3H5)] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl3(NO2C6H4NN)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl3(P(C6H5)3)2(CH3C6H4NN)] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl3(CH3C6H4NNH)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(CH2NH3Cl)-)n 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo(CO)5Clr(P(C6H5)4)] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [AuCl((CH3)2S(O)CH2)2] 197.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KCl 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Os(O2)(NH3)4]Cl2 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Os(CO)Cl(P(C6H5)3)2(C5H3NOCH3)] 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(P(C6H5)3)3] 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Cr(CO)5Cl(P(C6H5)4)] 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [As(CH3-C6H4)3]2ClRuCl3RuCl[As(CH3-C6H4)3]2 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 W2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)Cl4(C2H5C5H5N)4 197.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C8H14C5H3]2TiCl2 197.88  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Cs2[Rh2Cl2(HCOO)4] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtHCl(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(CH3CN)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CsCl 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [WCl(CO)2((C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)(C3H5)] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(NO)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl3(NO)((C6H5)3P)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(O)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl3(ClC6H4NN)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(C6H5CO)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CH3OC6H4NN)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [IrCl3(CH3C6H4NNH)(P(C6H5)3)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2((C6H5)2AsCH2As(C6H5)2)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pd2Cl2((C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H5)2)2] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CO)((C6H5)3P)2(CH3(CH2)14(C6H4))] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo4Cl4Cl4(P(C2H5)3)4] 197.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H5(CH3)5)]2TiCl2 197.96  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C6H5NCO)2(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(CS2)(P(C6H5)3)3] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 C(NH2)3Cl 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CHCH2)(P(C6H5)3)3] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KCl 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2(C5H5N)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(C5NH5)3] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(C5NH5)3] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo6Cl8Cl4(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2((C6H5)3P)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(CO)Cl(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtClH(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl2(N)((CH3)2P(C6H5))3] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(NO2C6H4NN)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(C6H5)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl(CH3C6H4NN)2(P(C6H5)3)2].BF4 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CH3C6H4NN)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl(CO)((CH3)2P(C6H5))4] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pd2SCl2((C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H5)2)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(P(C6H5)3)3] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl(CO)((C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)2] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2((C6H5)3P)2(CH3(CH2)14)] 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 RuCl2(P(C6H5)3)3 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(Pt2(P(C6H5)3)4S2Pd)2Cl2][PF6]2 198.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C9H16C5H3]2TiCl2 198.01  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H8C5H3][C5H5]TiCl2 198.01  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C7H12C5H3][C5H5]TiCl2 198.04  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C7H12C5H3][C10H55]TiCl2 198.07  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C2H4)]2 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C2H4)]2 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TlCl3(C5H5N)2] 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 UCl3 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 RbCl 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo4Cl4Cl4(P(C4H9)3)4] 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Pd(NH3)4Cl2 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(NH3)6]Cl3 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Zr(OH)2(CH3CH(NH2)COO)2]Cl2.3H2O 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhAs(C6H5)4]Cl4.CH3CN 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl6(-NHC(CH3)C(OH)C(CH2OH)C(CH2OH)CH-)2] 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RuCl(NO)2(P(C6H5)3)2].BF4 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C4H9)4]2[Mo5Cl13] 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TeCl2(CH2P(C6H5)3)2]Cl2 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C8H12)(-CH2C-H(C6H4)PH2)] 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [((C6H5)3P=CH2)2TeCl2]Cl2 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Cl2/GaAs0.96 198.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H8C5H3]2TiCl2 198.11  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C8H14C5H3][C5H5]TiCl2 198.12  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H8C5H3][C5H5]TiCl2 198.15  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C9H16C5H3][C5H5]TiCl2 198.15  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo2Cl4((C5H5N)NHCH3)2] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo2Cl4(P(C2H5)3)4] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(S(C2H5)2)3] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(S(C2H5)2)3] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [VCl(C5H5)2] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CsCl 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo6Cl8Cl4(C5H5N)2] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2(C5H5N)2] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2((CH3)C3HNO(C6H5))2] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(As(C6H5)4)]Cl4.2H2O 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CO)(C6H5)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl2(P(CH3)2(C6H5))4] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CO)((C6H5)3P)2(CH3(CH2)14)] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (NH4)2[PtCl4] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C2H5)4][Mo(CO)5Cl] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C8H12)(-CH2C-H(C6H4)PH2)] 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(CH3)4N]2TcCl6 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 W2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)Cl4(C5H5N)4 198.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H8C5H3][C10H15]TiCl2 198.21  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H5(CH3)5)C5H5]2TiCl2 198.22  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C7H12C5H3][C5H5]TiCl2 198.22  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H8C5H3][C10H15]TiCl2 198.27  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C7H12C5H3]2TiCl2 198.28  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H5(CH3)2)C5H5]TiCl2 198.28  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(C5H5)2]TiCl2 198.29  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Cu(H2NC(O)NHC(O)NH2)2]Cl2 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mn(H2NC(O)NHC(O)NH2)2]Cl2 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [NiCl(CFCF2)(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [NiCl(C6H5)(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NiCl2 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TiCl2(C5H5)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2(CH3(C3HNO)CH3)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2((CH3)C3HNO(C6H5))2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Re2Cl8(ClP(C2H5)3)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Re2Br4Cl4(ClP(C2H5)3)2] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [OsCl2(P(C6H5)3)2(C5H4NO)] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [OsCl2(P(C6H5)3)2(C5H3NOCH3)] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaCl 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 UCl2O 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Cl in (-H(C6H4)PH2)n 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (P(C2H5)2-C6H5)2ClRuCl3Ru(P(C2H5)2-C6H5)3 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [P(C6H5)2(C7H7)]3RuCl3RuCl2[P(C6H5)2(C7H7)] 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZrCl4 198.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [C5H5(CH3)2)]2TiCl2 198.35  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh2Cl2(P(C6H5)3)4] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C2H4)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 HCl.nH2O 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo2Cl4(CH3P(C6H5)2)4] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K3[RhCl6] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K3[RhCl6] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 AuCl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 InCl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KCl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [NiCl2((C2H5)3P)2] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [OsCl2(P(C6H5)3)2(C5H4NCOO)] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C8H12)(-CH2C-H(C6H4)PH2)] 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Tc((CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2)2Cl2]Cl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 RuCl3(P(CH3)2C6H5)3 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 AgCl 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 BaCl2 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4/W 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4/W 198.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 PdCl2 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(NH3)6]Cl3 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Hf(OH)2(CH3CH(NH2)COO)2]Cl2.3H2O 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2(C3HNO(C6H5)2)2] 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Re2Br2Cl4(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(P(C6H5)3)3] 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(P(C6H5)3)3] 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2((NH2)C3NO(CH3)2)] 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 UClO 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl(N2)((CH3)2P(C6H5))4] 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (P(C6H5)3)2ClRuCl3Ru(CO)(P(C6H5)3)2 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (P(C6H5)3)2ClRuCl3Ru(CS)(P(C6H5)3)2 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Mo2Cl4(P(CH3)3)4 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MoWCl4(P(CH3)3)4 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH(C12H8N)CH2-)n (OC6(CN)2Cl2O)m 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZrOCl2 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4/W 198.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (CH3)3SbCl2 198.51  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Ru2Cl3(P(C2H5)2-C6H5)6]Cl 198.55  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2C6H10] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl3(P(CH3)2C6H5)3] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2(C3H3NO)2] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K2[OsCl6] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (C8H12)RhCl2Rh(C8H12) 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (C8H12)RhCl2Rh(C8H12) 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl3(CH3)(N)((CH3)2PC6H5)2] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl2(CH3OC6H4CO)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(NH3)3]Cl3 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(NH3)3]Cl3 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K3[Rh(NO2)3Cl3] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K3[Rh(NO2)3Cl3] 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 OsCl3 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [(C4H9)4N]TcOCl4 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 W2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)Cl4(C2H5C5H5N)4 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Mo4S4Cl4 198.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh2Cl2(P(C6H5)3)4] 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C2H5)4][InCl2] 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl2 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 HgCl2 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K2[PdCl6] 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C4H9)4]3[Mo2Cl9] 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo4Cl4Cl4(P(C2H5)3)4] 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaCl 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [As(CH3-C6H4)3]2ClRuCl3RuCl[As(CH3-C6H4)3]2 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [As(CH3-C6H4)3]3RuCl3RuCl2[As(CH3-C6H4)3] 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Tc((C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)2Cl2]Cl 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4/W 198.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [As(CH3-C6H4)3]2ClRuCl3RuCl2[As(CH3-C6H4)3] 198.75  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [CdCl2(H2NC(O)NHC(O)NH2)2] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Cl2.nH2O 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(C2H4)(P(C6H5)3)2] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtH(SnCl3)(P(C2H5)3)2] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [TiCl(C5H5)2] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 FeCl2 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MoCl2 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K2PdCl4 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PdCl2(C6H5CN)2] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl3(CO)3(P(C6H5)3)] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K[(N)OsCl4(H2O)] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [OsCl2(O)2((C2H5)2P(C6H5))2] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl(CO)((CH3)2P(C6H5))4][FeCl4] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 LiCl 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Na[AuCl4] 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 YCl3 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH(C12H8N)CH2-)n (OC6Cl4O)m 198.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (CH3)3SbCl2.SbCl3 198.82  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl(C6H5)(C6H5C(O)CHC(O)C6H5)2] 198.86  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [RhCl(CO)2(P(C6H5)3)] 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 PdCl2 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [CuCl2(P(C6H5)4)] 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pd(NH3)2]Cl2 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pd(NH2)2Cl2].2H2O 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 K2[Os(O2)Cl4] 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl6(P(C6H5)4)2] 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 PdCl2 198.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2(C3NO(CH3)2(NH2))2] 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C3H7)4][InCl4] 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CaCl2 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CdCl2 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 FeCl3 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 InCl3 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [CuCl3(P(C6H5)4)] 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl2(N)((C2H5)P(C6H5)2)2] 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl(N2)((CH3)2P(C6H5))4]FeCl4 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 PdCl2 199.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [AuCl(P(C6H5)3)] 199.05  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C2H5)4][InCl2]Cl2 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 SrCl2 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 SrCl2 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 PdCl2 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Os2NCl5 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 W2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)Cl4(C2H5C5H5N)4 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ca5(PO4)3Cl 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl2 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 SrCl2 199.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [NH(CH3)3]3[InCl6] 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Hg(H2NC(O)NHC(O)NH2)2]Cl2 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl2 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MoCl2 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NiCl2 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl4 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [ReCl2((CH3)2P(C6H5))2]Cl2 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 W2(mu-H)(mu-Cl)Cl4(C5H5N)4 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Cs2ZnCl4 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)58(CsCl)40(BaCl2)2 199.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KCl 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl(C6H5)3] 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PtCl2(P(C6H5)3)2] 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 cis-[PtCl2(P(C6H5)3)2] 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)50(CsCl)40(BaCl2)10 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)55(CsCl)40(BaCl2)5 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZrCl4 199.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuCl2 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZrCl 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo4Cl4Cl4(P(C4H9)3)4] 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo4Cl4Cl4(P(C2H5)3)4] 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH(C12H8N)CH2-)n (OC6Cl4O)m 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)50(CsCl)40(BaCl2)10 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)58(CsCl)40(BaCl2)2 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)55(CsCl)40(BaCl2)5 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CrCl3 199.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Fe(CH3C(O)CClC(O)CH3)3] 199.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MoCl2 199.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Sn(C6H5)2Cl2] 199.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZrCl3 199.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 TiCl3 199.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Pt2(P(C6H5)3)4SSCH2Cl]Cl 199.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl3(C8H17)(C4H4N2)] 199.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl4(C4H4N2)] 199.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo2Cl4(P(C2H5)3)4] 199.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PCl(OC2H5)2] 199.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [N(C4H9)4]2[Mo5Cl13] 199.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZnCl2 199.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Sc7Cl10C2 199.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl4(C4H4N2)2] 199.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(Cl)-)n 199.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Sc2Cl2C 199.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Zr2Cl2C 199.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZrCl2 199.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl3(C6H5)(C4H4N2)] 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo2Cl4(CH3P(C6H5)2)4] 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MoCl2 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo6Cl8Cl4(SO(CH3)2)2] 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl3(CH3)(C4H4N2)] 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ScCl3 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NbCl5 199.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl2(C6H5)2(C4H4N2)] 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [SnCl3(C4H9)(C4H4N2)] 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Sn(C6H5)Cl3] 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Sc7Cl10 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)50(CsCl)40(BaCl2)10 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)58(CsCl)40(BaCl2)2 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (ZnCl2)55(CsCl)40(BaCl2)5 200.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PCl(C6H5)2] 200.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(Cl)-)n 200.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CH3Cl/Pt 200.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZnCl2 200.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CH3(CH2)2CH(C6H4COCl)(CH2)10CH3 200.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ZnCl2 200.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MgCl2/Au 200.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [PCl2(C6H5)] 200.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 PCl3 200.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ClCH2CH2Br/Pt 200.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 ClCH2CH2Br/Pt 200.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [NiBr(CClCCl2)(P(C2H5)3)2] 200.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo6Cl8Cl4(C5H5N)2] 200.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Mo6Cl8Cl4(P(C6H5)3)2] 200.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CH3(CH2)13O(C6H4CO)Cl 200.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(C6H4Cl)-)n 200.44  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ca(ClO)2 200.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(C6H4Cl)-)n 200.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 MgCl2/Au 200.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2C(CH3)(C(O)OCH2CH2Cl)-)n 200.53  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(C6H4Cl)-)n 200.53  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NbCl5 200.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CHC(Cl)CH2-)n 200.63  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CH(Cl)-)n 200.64  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CCl2CH2-)n 200.78  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [POCl(C2H5O)2] 200.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH2CHCl-) (partial unit) 200.80  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-C-HCH3) (partial unit) 200.81  Click
Cl 2p3/2 C0.795N0.085O0.061Cl0.055 200.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 C46H30Cl2N6O4 200.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 C6H5Cl 201.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 C6H5CCl3 201.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH(C12H8N)CH2-)n (OC6Cl4O)m 201.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 C0.775N0.103O0.067Cl0.060 201.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Co(CH3C(O)CClC(O)CH3)3] 201.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH(C12H8N)CH2-)n (OC6Cl4O)m 201.10  Click
Cl 2p3/2 (-CH(C12H8N)CH2-)n (OC6(CN)2Cl2O)m 201.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [POCl2(C2H5O)] 201.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 HSO3Cl 201.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Cu(CH3C(O)CClC(O)CH3)3] 201.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Cl3OP 201.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Cr(CH3C(O)CClC(O)CH3)3] 201.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO2 203.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KClO3 205.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ba(ClO3).H2O 205.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ba(ClO3)2.H2O 205.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO3 206.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO3 206.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO3 206.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KClO3 206.50  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KClO3 206.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Co(CH3C(NOH)C(CH3)NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NC(CH3)C(NO)CH3)](ClO4)2 207.00  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ba(ClO4)2 208.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ba(ClO4)2 208.20  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KClO4 208.30  Click
Cl 2p3/2 CuClO4 208.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Au9(P(C6H5)3)8](ClO4)3 208.55  Click
Cl 2p3/2 Ca(ClO4)2.4H2O 208.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO4 208.60  Click
Cl 2p3/2 [Rh(H2O)6](ClO4)3 208.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 KClO4 208.70  Click
Cl 2p3/2 NaClO4 208.90  Click
Cl 2p3/2 LiClO4 209.40  Click
Cl 2p3/2 LiClO4 209.40  Click

→  Periodic Table 

 

 

Statistical Analysis of Binding Energies in NIST XPS Database of BEs

 

 

→  Periodic Table