Hgo HgO HgS HgSO4 HgTe HgF2 HgCdTe Basic 

XPS Spectra
Mercury (Hg) Compounds
The XPS Spectra section provides raw and processed survey spectra, chemical state spectra, BE values, FWHM values, and overlays of key spectra.
Atom% values from surveys are based on sample, as received, and Scofield cross-sections. Atom% values are corrected for IMFP and PE.
Peak-fits are guides for practical, real-world applications. Peak-fits are not fully optimized or designed to test any theory.

Mercury Liquid Metal Droplet  (Hgo)
Survey, Peak-fits, BEs, FWHMs, and Peak Labels

→  Periodic Table   → Six (6) BE Tables
Survey Spectrum from Hgo
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, sample is conductive, Ag (3d5/2) FWHM = 1.3 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Hg (4f) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Fresh exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Hg (4f) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

 
Hg (4f) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Extended Range
Fresh exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Hg (4f) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Raw – Vertically Expanded
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
O (1s) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 O (1s) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
C (1s) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 C (1s) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Hg (4d5/2) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Hg (4d5/2) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Hg (5d) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Hg (5d) Spectrum from Liquid Hgo – Peak-Fit
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

 
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Auger Signals from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Valence Band Signals from Liquid Hgo – Raw
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
na
 
Overlays
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Valence Band Spectra – Overlay of Liquid Hgo and HgO
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Hg (4f) Spectra – Overlay of Liquid Hgo and HgO
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV
→  Periodic Table  → Six (6) BE Tables
Valence Band Spectra – Overlay of Liquid Hgo and HgS
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV		 Hg (4f) Spectra – Overlay of Liquid Hgo and HgS
Freshly exposed bulk, Flood gun is OFF, C (1s) BE = 285.13 eV, Ag FWHM = 0.75 eV

End-of-spectra

Price to purchase raw data sets:
Raw spectra – VAMAS ASCII format ($6)
Raw spectra – SDP binary format ($5)
SDP v9 – $145 (3 yr license)

 

 

Transmission Function Tests
 

December 2015 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus
→  Periodic Table 
Survey Spectra of Ion Etched Copper (Sc), PEs = 50, 100, 150 and 200 eV
→  Periodic Table 
March 2016 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus 
 
Survey Spectra of Ion Etched Copper (Sc), PEs = 100, 150 and 200 eV
→  Periodic Table  
August 2019 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus
 
Survey Spectra of HOPG (C), PEs = 20, 50, 100 and 200 eV
→  Periodic Table  
January 2022 – Transmission Function of Thermo K-Alpha Plus
Survey Spectra of Ion Etched Copper (Sc), PEs = 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200 eV

End-of-Transmission-Function-Tests

 

Six (6) Chemical State Tables of Hg (4f7/2) BEs

 

  • The XPS Library Spectra-Base
  • PHI Handbook
  • Thermo-Scientific Website
  • XPSfitting Website
  • Techdb Website
  • NIST Website

→  Periodic Table 

 

Notes of Caution when using Published BEs and BE Tables from Insulators and Conductors:

  • Accuracy of Published BEs
    • The accuracy depends on the calibration BEs used to calibrate the energy scale of the instrument.  Cu (2p3/2) BE can vary from 932.2 to 932.8 eV for old publications 
    • Different authors use different BEs for the C (1s) BE of the hydrocarbons found in adventitious carbon that appears on all materials and samples.  From 284.2 to 285.3 eV
    • The accuracy depends on when the authors last checked or adjusted their energy scale to produce the expected calibration BEs
  • Worldwide Differences in Energy Scale Calibrations
    • For various reasons authors still use older energy scale calibrations 
    • Some authors still adjust their energy scale so Cu (2p3/2) appears between 932.2 eV or 932.8 eV because this is what the maker taught them
    • This range causes BEs in the higher BE end to be larger than expected 
    • This variation increases significantly above 600 eV BE
  • Charge Compensation
    • Samples that behave as true insulators normally require the use of a charge neutralizer (electron flood gun with or without Ar+ ions) so that the measured chemical state spectra can be produced without peak-shape distortions or sloping tails on the low BE side of the peak envelop. 
    • Floating all samples (conductive, semi-conductive, and non-conductive) and always using the electron flood gun is considered to produce more reliable BEs and is recommended.
  • Charge Referencing Methods for Insulators
    • Charge referencing is a common method, but it can produce results that are less reliable.
    • When an electron flood gun is used, the BE scale will usually shift to lower BE values by 0.01 to 5.0 eV depending on your voltage setting. Normally, to correct for this flood gun induced shift, the BE of the hydrocarbon C (1s) peak maximum from adventitious carbon is used to correct for the charge induced shift.
    • The hydrocarbon peak is normally the largest peak at the lowest BE. 
    • Depending on your preference or training, the C (1s) BE assigned to this hydrocarbon peak varies from 284.8 to 285.0 eV.  Other BEs can be as low as 284.2 eV or as high as 285.3 eV
    • Native oxides that still show the pure metal can suffer differential charging that causes the C (1s) and the O (1s) and the Metal Oxide BE to be larger
    • When using the electron flood gun, the instrument operator should adjust the voltage and the XY position of the electron flood gun to produce peaks from a strong XPS signal (eg O (1s) or C (1s) having the most narrow FWHM and the lowest experimentally measured BE. 

→  Periodic Table 

Table #1

Hg (4f7/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “The XPS Library Spectra-Base”

C (1s) BE = 285.0 eV for TXL BEs
and C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for NIST BEs

Element Atomic # Compound As-Measured by TXL or NIST Average BE Largest BE Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE  Source
Hg 80 HgTe (N*1) 99.9 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 Hg – element 99.8 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Hg 80 Hg-F2 (N*1) 101.2 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 Hg2(NO3)2 (N*2) 101.1 eV 101.2 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 Hg-S 100.9 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Hg 80 Hg-O 100.9 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Hg 80 HgS (N*1) 100.8 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 HgO (N*3) 100.8 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 Hg-I2 (N*1) 100.7 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 HgCdTe 100.6 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Hg 80 HgTe 100.5 eV 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Hg 80 HgCdTe (N*1) 100.2 eV 284.8 eV Avg BE – NIST
Hg 80 Hg-CO3 285.0 eV The XPS Library
Hg 80 Hg-(OH)2 285.0 eV The XPS Library

Charge Referencing Notes

  • (N*number) identifies the number of NIST BEs that were averaged to produce the BE in the middle column.
  • The XPS Library uses Binding Energy Scale Calibration with Cu (2p3/2) BE = 932.62 eV and Au (4f7/2) BE = 83.98 eV.  BE (eV) Uncertainty Range:  +/- 0.2 eV
  • Charge Referencing of insulators is defined such that the Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE (eV) = 285.0 eV.  NIST uses C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV 
  • Note:   Ion etching removes adventitious carbon, implants Ar (+), changes conductivity of surface, and degrades chemistry of various chemical states.
  • Note:  Ion Etching changes BE of C (1s) hydrocarbon peak.
  • TXL – abbreviation for: “The XPS Library” (https://xpslibrary.com).  NIST:  National Institute for Science and Technology (in USA)

→  Periodic Table 

Table #2

Hg (4f7/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “PHI Handbook”

C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Ulvac-PHI

Table #3

Hg (4f7/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “Thermo-Scientific” Website

C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

Chemical state Binding energy (eV), Hg (4f7/2)
As received Cinnabar (HgS) 100.3 eV

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Thermo Scientific 

Table #4

Hg (4f7/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “XPSfitting” Website

Chemical State BE Table derived by Averaging BEs in the NIST XPS database of BEs
C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV

→  Periodic Table 

Copyright ©:  Mark Beisinger

Table #5

Hg (4f7/2) Chemical State BEs from:  “Techdb.podzone.net” Website

 

XPS Spectra – Chemical Shift / Binding Energy
C (1s) BE = 284.6 eV

XPS(X線光電子分光法)スペクトル 化学状態 化学シフト ケミカルシフト

Element Level Compound B.E.(eV) min max
Hg 4f7/2 Hg 99.8 ±0.3 99.5 ～ 100.0
Hg 4f7/2 Hg0.8Cd0.2Te 100.3 ±0.3 100.0 ～ 100.5
Hg 4f7/2 HgS 100.7 ±0.5 100.2 ～ 101.2
Hg 4f7/2 HgI2 100.8 ±0.3 100.5 ～ 101.0
Hg 4f7/2 HgO 100.8 ±0.3 100.5 ～ 101.0
Hg 4f7/2 HgBr2 101.0 ±0.2 100.8 ～ 101.2
Hg 4f7/2 HgF2 101.3 ±0.3 101.0 ～ 101.5
Hg 4f7/2 Hg(thiodibenzoylme)2 101.3 ±0.3 101.0 ～ 101.5
Hg 4f7/2 Et2NC6H4HgOAc 101.4 ±0.3 101.1 ～ 101.6
Hg 4f7/2 HgCl2 101.5 ±0.3 101.2 ～ 101.7
Hg 4f7/2 (Ph4P)2Hg(SCN)4 101.5 ±0.3 101.2 ～ 101.7

 

→  Periodic Table 

 


Histograms of NIST BEs for Hg (4f7/2) BEs

Important Note:  NIST Database defines Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for all insulators.

Histogram indicates:  99.8 eV for Hgo based on 4 literature BEs Histogram indicates:  100.8 eV for HgO based on 3 literature BEs

 

Table #6


NIST Database of Hg (4f7/2) Binding Energies

NIST Standard Reference Database 20, Version 4.1

Data compiled and evaluated
by
Alexander V. Naumkin, Anna Kraut-Vass, Stephen W. Gaarenstroom, and Cedric J. Powell
©2012 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.

Important Note:  NIST Database defines Adventitious Hydrocarbon C (1s) BE = 284.8 eV for all insulators.

 

Element Spectral Line Formula Energy (eV) Reference
Hg 4f7/2 Hg 99.70  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg 99.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg 99.82  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg 99.90  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg 99.90  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgTe 99.91  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgS 100.00  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [P(C6H5)3Pt(AuP(C6H5)3)6(HgNO3)]NO3 100.10  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Cd0.2Hg0.8Te 100.20  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [P(C6H5)3Pt(AuP(C6H5)3)5(HgNO3)2]NO3 100.30  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [(Pt2(P(C6H5)3)4S2)2Hg][PF6]2 100.40  Click
Hg 4f7/2 K2[Hg(SCN)4] 100.50  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgI2((CH3)2NC6H4NO) 100.50  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg/CO/W 100.50  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg/H2/W 100.50  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg/O2/W 100.50  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg/W 100.50  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg0.7Ba2.4CaCu2O8 100.60  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2Br2 100.70  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgI2 100.70  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgO 100.77  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2(C2H3O2)2 100.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2Cl2 100.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgO 100.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgO 100.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgS 100.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [(Pt(P(C6H5)3)2S)2Hg(C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2)][PF6]2 100.80  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2I2 100.90  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgBr2 101.00  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2SO4 101.00  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgS 101.00  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2C2O4 101.10  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2(NO2)2 101.10  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg3PO4 101.10  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgF2 101.20  Click
Hg 4f7/2 Hg2(NO3)2 101.20  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [Hg(C6H5C(O)CHC(S)C6H5)2] 101.25  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [Hg(H2NC(O)NHC(O)NH2)2]Cl2 101.30  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [Hg(C2H3O2)(C6H4)N(C2H5)2] 101.30  Click
Hg 4f7/2 [Hg(SCN)4(P(C6H5)4)2] 101.40  Click
Hg 4f7/2 HgCl2 101.40  Click
Hg 4f7/2 (CH3(CH2)20C(O)O)2Hg/CaF2 101.50  Click

 


Statistical Analysis of Binding Energies in NIST XPS Database of BEs